Major personality attributes influencing OB:
- Powerful predictors of behavior in organization
- Locus of control, Machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring, risk taking, type A-B personality, proactive personality.
Locus of Control:
- Internals: Masters of their own fate. Control their defines.
- Externals: What happen to them is due to luck or chance, their lives as being controlled by outside forces.
- A person’s perception of the source of his or her fate in termed as locus of control.
Machiavellianism:
- I am prepared to do whatever I have to do to get ahead.
- Niccole Machiavelli, how to gain and use power.
- High Mach: pragmatic, maintain emotion distance, believes that end can be justify means.
- Use it- if it works
- High Mach: manipulate more, win more
- High Mach flourish:
- Face to face interaction
- Min. rules and regulations
- Emotional involvement is low
- High Mach: negotiation, sales, commissioned job.
- Low Mach: absolute, standard.
Self Esteem:
- People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike themselves.
- This trait is called as self-esteem.
- Self-esteem is directly related to expectations for success.
- High SE believes that they possess the ability they need to succeed at work.
Self-Monitoring:
- An individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
- Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors.
- Behave different in different situations
- Contradiction between their personality in public and their private self.
- Low self-monitoring: true attitude in every situation, high behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do?
Risk taking:
- People differ in their willingness to take chances.
- How long it takes managers to make a decision
- How much information they require.
- High risk taking managers: rapid decision, less information required.
- 79 mangers, simulated exercises for hiring decision.
- Decision accuracy was the same for the both group.
Type A personality:
A person with type A personality is “aggressively involved
in a chronic, incessant (non-stop, continuous) struggle to achieve more and
more in less and less time, and if required to do so, against the opposing
efforts of other things or other persons.
Type A’s:
- Are always moving, walking and eating rapidly.
- Feel impatient with the rate at which most event take place
- Strive to think or do two or more things at once
- Cannot cope with leisure time
- Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B’s:
- Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience.
- Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation
- Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost
- Can relax without guilt.
Type A’s:
- High level of stress, continue time pressure, creating deadlines
- Fast workers, quantity emphasis
- Type A perform better in job interview
- Have desirable traits high drives, competence, aggressiveness, success.
Proactive personality:
- Actively take initiative
- To improve their current circumstances or crate new ones
- Others sit by passively reacting to situations
- Proactive personality: people who identify opportunities, show initiatives, take actions and persevere (continue, persists) until meaningful change occurs.
- Leaders, change agents
- Entrepreneurial initiative
- Challenges the status quo (existing affairs)
- Displeasure when situation are not to their liking
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